Which function in Excel is used to test a condition and return one value if true and another value if false?

• A. VLOOKUP
• B. SUM
• C. IF
• D. AND

Answer: (C)

IF evaluates a condition and returns one value if that condition is true and another value if it is false. The syntax is =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false). For example, =IF(A1>100, "Over 100", "100 or less") will display "Over 100" when A1 contains a value greater than 100, otherwise "100 or less." This function is used to pick between two outcomes based on a condition. Other functions do different tasks: VLOOKUP finds a value in a table and returns a related value; SUM adds numbers; AND checks whether multiple conditions are all true and returns TRUE or FALSE (often used inside IF to test multiple things). You can nest IFs to handle more than two outcomes, or use IFS in newer Excel versions for multiple conditions.